Understanding Binary

Binary is a base-2 number system, meaning it only uses two digits: 0 and 1. Each position in a binary number represents a power of 2, starting from 2 0 (which is 1) on the rightmost side.

For example, the binary number 1101 is calculated as:

1 × 2^3 + 1 × 2^2 + 0 × 2^1 + 1 × 2^0 = 8 + 4 + 0 + 1 = 13 (in decimal).